국정원이 한국 민주주의에 개입하는 것을 우려하는
해외 학자들의 성명
해외 한국학자,
국정원에 의한 대한민국 민주주의의 침해를 우려한다
2013년 10월 22일(화) 오전 11시, 민주화운동기념사업회 '민주누리'
<국정원이 한국 민주주의에 개입하는 것을 우려하는 해외 학자들의 성명>
최근 한국 국정원의 행동을 보면서 한국이 힘들게 성취한 민주주의가 위험에 처했다는 우려가 높아지고 있다. 현재 국정원과 국정원의 전임 원장 원세훈은 지난해 대선에 개입했다는 엄중한 혐의로 조사를 받고 있다.
조사와 함께 각 정당의 정치인들이 국정원 개혁의 필요성을 논의하는 와중에, 국정원은 반격에 나선 듯 보인다. 소수 야당과 소속 의원들을 내란음모 혐의로 공격한 것이다.
내란음모 혐의는 1987년 군사정권이 물러난 이후 제기된 적이 없다. 이를 보고 있으면, 1980년에 정치적 반대파인 김대중(이후 대통령이 되고 노벨평화상을 받는다)을 내란음모 혐의로 기소한 것과 1975년에 인혁당 사건(이후 무죄로 밝혀진다)을 조작해 8명의 무고한 인명을 빼앗은 조잡한 정치 공작들이 떠오른다.
한국은 세계적으로 ‘아래로부터 민주화’의 기수로 알려졌고, 어떻게 대체로 평화적인 경로를 통해 독재를 벗어나 민주주의를 꽃피울 수 있는지 보여주는 선례가 됐다. 그 때문에 한국 시민사회는 전세계 많은 이들의 부러움을 샀다.
그러나 동시에 많은 이들은 한반도를 둘러싼 냉전이라는 조건 때문에 한국의 민주화가 완성되지 못한 것도 알고 있다. 한국 내에 숨겨진 ‘강철 국가’는 한번도 사라진 적이 없다는 우려가 계속 제기됐으며 최근 국정원이 취하는 행동은 그런 우려를 다시금 제기하게 한다.
더욱이 국정원이 정치적 반대파를 내란 혐의로 고소하는 것뿐 아니라, 냉전시대 남용으로 악명 높았던 반공 논리의 잔재인 국가보안법을 다시금 꺼내 들어 휘두르는 것에 중대한 우려를 표한다.
우리는 이석기 의원과, 함께 기소된 통합진보당 다른 의원들이 무죄인지 아닌지에 대해서는 판단을 내릴 수 없다. 그러나 명백하고도 분명한 것은 소수 민족주의 좌파 정치인들의 행동이 아니라, 바로 국가 정보 기구가 선거 과정에 개입하고 그 조직을 개혁하라는 요구에 직면해 다른 곳으로 관심을 돌리려 하는 행위야말로 남한의 민주주의와 시민적 권리를 가장 위협한다는 것이다.
한국 안팎에 있는 많은 이들이 보기에 국정원은 자신의 불법 행동에 대한 철저한 진상조사를 피하고 자신의 권력을 유지하기 위해 조잡한 수법으로 관심을 돌리려 한다.
지금 한국 민주주의는 아주 위험한 순간을 맞이하고 있다. 그러나 동시에 지금은 한국 민중이 냉전 시대와 과거 독재 정권의 잔재를 청산할 기회이기도 하다. 한국이 오랫동안 갈망한 진정한 민주주의 국가가 되기 위해서는 연설ㆍ사상ㆍ정치 행동의 자유를 완전히 보장해야 한다.
성숙한 민주주의는 강한 신념을 가졌다는 이유로 사람들을 두려워 하거나 가상적인 외부 위협을 이용해 사회 내 다양한 목소리를 억압해서는 안 된다. 한국을 깊이 염려하는 학자로서 우리는 한국이 과거 독재 시절로 회귀하는 일이 없도록 위험에 처한 한국 민주주의에 우려를 표하는 동시에 한국인들에게 연대를 표한다.
Concerned overseas scholars’ statement on National Intelligence Service interference in South Korean democracy
Recent actions by South Korea’s National Intelligence Service (NIS) are raising concerns that Korea’s hard-won democracy is under threat. The NIS and its former director are currently under investigation for very serious allegations of interference in last year’s presidential election. But with that investigation ongoing and talk among politicians across party lines of the need for NIS reform, the agency has mounted what appears to be a counterattack, moving against a minor opposition party and one of its lawmakers with charges of plotting a rebellion. These charges have been unheard of since the days of the military dictatorship that ended in 1987. They bring to mind previous travesties like the charges of sedition levelled at political dissident and later president and Nobel Peace Laureate Kim Dae Jung in 1980 and the fabricated People’s Revolutionary Party case of 1975 which claimed the lives of eight innocent people, later exonerated.
South Korea has rightly been seen as a beacon for democratisation from below, as a model of how a dictatorship can transition, largely peacefully, to a thriving democracy with a civil society that is the envy of many around the world. However, it has also been clear to many that under the continuing cold war conditions on the Korean peninsula South Korea’s democratic transition remains unfinished. There have long been concerns that South Korea’s hidden ‘security state’ has never actually gone away and the recent actions of the NIS have given new credibility to those concerns. Furthermore, we are gravely concerned that alongside the accusation of treason, the National Security Law, a vestige of Cold War anticommunism with a history of abuse, is once again being used to attack opposition politicians.
We can make no judgement about the guilt or innocence of Rep. Lee Seok-ki and the other accused members of the United Progressive Party. However, it is abundantly clear to us that the greatest threat to democracy and civil liberties in South Korea is not the alleged actions of a minor left-nationalist politician, but the direct political interference in the electoral process by an intelligence apparatus that seems to be desperately trying to divert attention from the reform of its own structure and operation. To many in Korea and abroad, it appears that the NIS is using a crude distraction in order to avoid scrutiny of its own alleged illegal activities, and to justify its existing powers.
This is a very dangerous moment for South Korea’s democracy but it also presents an opportunity for the Korean people to finally lay to rest the remnants of the cold war and the dictatorships of the past. For Korea to really be the democratic society that it aspires to be it must allow full freedom of speech, thought and political activity. A mature democracy should not be afraid of people who have strong beliefs, nor should it use a supposed external threat to silence diverse voices that make up society. As scholars who care deeply about Korea we express both our concern about this latest threat to Korean democracy and our solidarity with the Korean people so that we can all ensure there is no return to the dictatorial past.
해외학자 서명자 명단 (2013년 10월 22일 현재 206명)
Signatories (206 as of October 22, 2013)
Owen Miller, SOAS, University of London
Se-Woong Koo, Yale University
Ju Hui Judy Han, University of Toronto
Jamie Doucette, University of Manchester
Vladimir Tikhonov (Pak Noja), University of Oslo
Kevin Gray, University of Sussex
Konrad M. Lawson, University of St Andrews
Adam Bohnet, King’s University College at the University of Western Ontario
Jim Glassman, University of British Columbia
Jaeho Kang, SOAS, University of London
Laam Hae, York University
Susan Kang, City University of New York
Theodore Jun Yoo, University of Hawaii at Manoa
Jennifer Jihye Chun, University of Toronto
Hae Yeon Choo, University of Toronto
Takashi Fujitani, University of Toronto
Jeongmin Kim, New York University
Soonyi Lee, New York University
Helen Hyun-Joo Lee, Yonsei University
Marilyn B. Young, New York University
Henry Em, Yonsei University
Andre Schmid, University of Toronto
Yong Soon Min, University of California, Irvine
Seung-Hun Lee, University of Virginia
Merose Hwang, Hiram College
Namhee Lee, University of California, Los Angeles
Saeyoung Park, Davidson College
Kevin Hewison, Murdoch University
Daniel Y. Kim, Brown University
Minjeong Kim, Virginia Tech
Nadia Y. Kim, Loyola Marymount University
Joel Wainwright, Ohio State University
Juhn Ahn, University of Michigan
Sun-Chul Kim, Emory University
Charles Armstrong, Columbia University
James Kyung-Jin Lee, University of California, Irvine
Jae-Jung Suh, Johns Hopkins University
Jesook Song, University of Toronto
Eleana Kim, Rochester University
Jaehoon Yeon, SOAS, University of London
David Hundt, Deakin University
Hyun Bang Shin, London School of Economics
Hyun Ok Park, York University
Ga Young Chung, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Nan Kim, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Albert L. Park, Claremont McKenna College
Janice Kim, York University
Mimi E. Kim, University of California, Berkeley
Hyejeong Jo, University of Pennsylvania
Jinkuk Hong, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Christine Hong, University of California, Santa Cruz
Sarah Eunkyung Chee, University of California, Santa Cruz
Jaeeun Kim, George Mason University
Jerome de Wit, Leiden University
Daniel Kim, The New School
Jung Won Sonn, University College London
Haeyoung Kim, University of Chicago
John P. DiMoia, National University of Singapore
Hyeseon Jeong, Ohio State University
Jiyoung Song, Singapore Management University
George Katsiaficas, Wentworth institute of Technology
Erin Runions, Pomona College
Ken Kawashima, University of Toronto
Crystal Munhye Baik, University of Southern California
Jinyoung Park, Cornell University
Hwa-Jen Liu, National Taiwan University
Deborah Cowen, University of Toronto
Jinn-yuh Hsu, National Taiwan University
Young-a Park, University of Hawaii, Manoa
W. Taejin Hwang, Middlebury College
Sungju Park-Kang, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Gary N. McLean, University of Minnesota
WooJin Kang, Angelo State University, Texas
Paul Chang, Harvard University
Caroline Norma, RMIT University, Australia
Laurel Kendall, American Museum of Natural History
Edward J. Baker, Harvard University
Andrew Bond, University of California, Riverside
Sixiang Wang, Columbia University
Monica Kim, University at Albany, State University of New York
Martin Hart-Landsberg, Lewis and Clark College
Yunju Nam, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
Moon J. Pak, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
Yoonkyung Lee, State University of New York at Binghamton
Su-kyoung Hwang, University of Sydney
Wooksoo Kim, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
Sanghyuk Shin, University of California, Los Angeles
Sherri Ter Molen, Wayne State University
Stephen Epstein, Victoria University of Wellington
Anders Riel Muller, Roskilde University
Kelly Yoojeong Jeong, University of California, Riverside
Bumsoo Lee, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Adam Cathcart, University of Leeds
Michael Jin, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi
Hank T. Wang, China-EU School of Law at the China University of Politics and Law
Hyong G. Rhew, Reed College
Serk-Bae Suh, University of California, Irvine
Jeongsu Shin, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
So Jung Kim, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Siho Nam, University of North Florida
Duk H. Kim, St. Ambrose University
Jaeeun Park, Centre Max Weber, Lyon, France
Gavin Walker, McGill University
Bruce Cumings, University of Chicago
Thomas Lamarre, McGill University
Steven Denney, University of Toronto
Chigon Kim, Wright State University
Michelle Cho, McGill University
Taehyun Nam, Salisbury University
Michael O’Loughlin, Salisbury University
Youngseek Kim, University of Kentucky
Hyejin Moon, The University of Texas at Arlington
Markus Bell, The Australian National University
Michael Jin, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi
Q-Ho Lee, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Patrick Park, Cornell University
Sinhyeok Jung, University of Toronto
Dong-Kyun Im, Harvard University
Sooyeon Yoon, University of Illinois
Agnes Sohn, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Dohye Kim, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
KeunBok Lee, University of California, Berkeley
Namsoon Kang, Texas Christian University
Sung Kyun Park, University of Michigan
Han Lheem, Fayetteville State University
Michael J. Pettid, Binghamton University
Suzy Kim, Rutgers University
Jin Y. Park, American University
Junghoo Cho, University of California, Los Angeles
Sunyoung Park, University of Southern California
Tae-Hee Jo, State University of New York, Buffalo State
Hyungsoo Kim, University of Kentucky
Frances L. Kendall, Salisbury University
Heesam Kang, Trident University International
Seongsoo Choi, Yale University
Sungmin Lee, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Alex J.S. Lee, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Hyunkag Cho, Michigan State University
Suhkyung Kim, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Hee-Young Shin, Wright State University
Dongho Cho, Queens College, The City University of New York
Dafna Zur, Stanford University
Alejandra Marchevsky, California State University, Los Angeles
Su Yun Kim, University of Hong Kong
Seo Young Park, Scripps College
Earl Jackson, National Chiao Tung University
Jane Park, University of Sydney
Andrew Jackson, SOAS, University of London
David Youngue Khang, Emily Carr University of Art & Design, Vancouver
Jin-Heon Jung, Max Plank Institute
Heeman Kim, Kennesaw State University
Ruthann Lee, University of British Columbia
Youjeong Oh, University of Texas, Austin
Hagen Koo, University of Hawaii at Manoa
Christine Kim, Simon Fraser University
Hye Gyong Park, University of Illinois
Joya Misra, University of Massachusetts
Alexis Dudden, University of Connecticut
Christina Ghanbarpour, Santa Monica College
Yung Soo Kim, University of Kentucky
Keith Leitich, Pierce College Puyallup
Mark Morris, Trinity College, Cambridge
Johnny Kline, Chicago Theological Seminary
Jennifer Kwon Dobbs, St. Olaf College
Kyong-Ah Kwon, Georgia State University
Victor Koschmann, Cornell University
Mark Selden, Cornell University and Asia-Pacific Journal
Michael Ekers, University of Toronto
Rajyashree Reddy, University of Toronto
Chunsik Lee, University of North Florida
Illhoi Yoo, University of Missouri School of Medicine
Laura Hyun Yi Kang, University of California, Irvine
Hak-Seon Lee, James Madison University
Daekyung Kim, James Madison University
Eun-Ho Yeo, Plymouth State University
Jamie Jungmin Yoo, Harvard University
Renato Azevedo, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Tae-Ung Baik, University of Hawaii, Manoa
Sookeung Jung, Georgia State University
Alon Levkowitz, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Mark Hunter, University of Toronto
Jennifer Hyndman, York University
Dina Al-kassim, University of British Columbia
Sapana Doshi, University of Arizona
Don Baker, University of British Columbia
Minelle Mahtani, University of Toronto
Jiyoung Park, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
Sanggon Nam, Pfeiffer University
Sumi Cho, University of Michigan
David K. Seitz, University of Toronto
Yuson Jung, Wayne State University
Tae Yang Kwak, Ramapo College of New Jersey
Jisun Yu, Concordia University
Hyoju Lee, Claremont School of Theology
Hyo-Dong Lee, Drew University
Boudewijn Walraven, Leiden University
Nathaniel Roberts, Max Planck Institute
Alison Mountz, Wilfrid Laurier University
Tessa Morris-Suzuki, Australian National University
Eva Hansson, Stockholm University
Jong Choi, California State University, Bakersfield
Kyuhoon Cho, National University of Singapore
Sujung Kim, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Patricia Landolt, University of Toronto
Caren Kaplan, University of California, Davis
Sohoon Lee, University of Sydney
기자회견 참석자 소개
List of Participants
1) 박노자
소속: Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages, University of Oslo
분야: 동아시아학, 한국사
Prof. Vladimir Tikhonov
Affiliation: Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages, University of Oslo
Field: East Asian studies, Korean history
Email: vladimir.tikhonov@ikos.uio.no
2) 한주희
소속: Department of Human Geography, University of Toronto
분야: 문화지리학, 종교와 정치
Prof. Ju Hui Judy Han
Affiliation: Department of Human Geography, University of Toronto
Field: cultural geography, religion and politics
Email: judy.han@utoronto.ca
3) 이윤경
소속: Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Binghamton
분야: 동아시아 비교정치학
Prof. Yoonkyung Lee
Affiliation: Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Binghamton
Field: comparative politics of East Asia
Email: yklee@binghamton.edu
4) 송지영
소속: Singapore Management University
분야: 정치학, 이주와 인간안보
Prof. Jiyoung Song
Affiliation: School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University
Field: political science, migration and human security
Email: jysong@smu.edu.sg
5) 구세웅
소속: MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies, Yale University
분야: 한국학, 한국종교사
Dr. Se-Woong Koo
Affiliation: MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies, Yale University
Field: Korean studies, history of Korean religions
Email: se-woong.koo@yale.edu
6) 해람
소속: Department of Political Science, York University
분야: 지리학, 도시개발의 정치경제
Prof. Laam Hae
Affiliation: Department of Political Science, York University
Field: geography, political economy of urban development
Email: lhae@yorku.ca
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